What are the effects of icing on aircraft performance?

Icing on aircraft significantly impacts performance, primarily by affecting the aerodynamic qualities of the wings and control surfaces. When ice accumulates on an aircraft, it alters the shape and smoothness of the airfoil, which is critical for generating lift.

The correct answer points out the reduction of lift, which occurs because ice changes the wing's aerodynamic profile. This makes it less effective in generating the necessary lift to keep the aircraft aloft, directly impacting its ability to climb or even maintain altitude. Additionally, the presence of ice leads to an increase in drag due to the rough surface created by the ice, which disrupts the smooth flow of air over the wing and increases resistance against the aircraft's forward motion. Ice accumulation also contributes to an increase in weight, as ice adds mass to the aircraft. This combination of reduced lift, increased drag, and additional weight can severely compromise the aircraft's performance and maneuverability, especially in critical phases of flight, such as takeoff and landing.

The other options do not accurately capture the adverse effects of icing on aircraft performance. While some mention aspects like increased speed or improved stability, these do not occur in the presence of icing. Instead, icing causes detrimental changes that can jeopardize flight safety.