What does a black star without a circle represent on a Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR)?

A black star without a circle on a Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR) signifies a fly-by point. This type of waypoint indicates that pilots are expected to adjust their flightpath to precisely pass over the point without the need to hold their course until they reach it. In the context of air navigation, fly-by points are designed to allow for smoother transitions and ensure that an aircraft can effectively change its course, making it adaptable for efficient flight along the designated route.

In contrast, other options represent different navigation concepts. For instance, non-compliance points usually require attention as they may indicate areas where certain flight restrictions apply, while required holding points involve waiting or orbiting at a specific location until further instructions are provided. Understanding the diagrammatic representations in STAR procedures is crucial for pilots to follow and execute their arrivals correctly and safely.