What does Vref refer to in aviation?

Vref is a critical term in aviation that encompasses the reference speed for both landing and threshold crossing scenarios. This speed is essential because it provides pilots with a benchmark for during the final approach to maintain a safe and controlled descent towards the runway.

In the context of landing, Vref is the speed at which the aircraft is stable and can safely touch down without significant risk of stalling. It is influenced by the aircraft's weight and configuration, ensuring that the plane can safely maintain lift and maneuverability.

At threshold crossing, Vref signifies the speed as the aircraft crosses the runway threshold, ensuring that it has sufficient lift and control to execute a safe landing. It is crucial for pilots to adhere to this speed to avoid risks during this critical phase of flight.

Considering both landing and threshold crossing aspects, the reference speed provides a comprehensive safety guideline for pilots during landing operations, reinforcing the importance of Vref in multiple contexts within aviation.