What factors affect the critical engine during flight operations?

The critical engine in multi-engine aircraft is significantly affected by certain aerodynamic factors that influence its performance during flight operations. The concept of the critical engine primarily relates to the performance characteristics that are critical in maintaining control of the aircraft, particularly in the event of an engine failure.

P Factor refers to the asymmetrical thrust produced by a propeller during high angle-of-attack flight, causing a yawing motion to the left or right, depending on propeller rotation direction. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced when flying with one engine inoperative.

Accelerated Slipstream involves the airflow around the aircraft, which can be disrupted when one engine is not producing thrust. This disruption can negatively impact the lift generated by the wing on the side of the inoperative engine, making it more difficult to control the aircraft.

Torque, resulting from the rotation of the engine and propeller, can cause a moment that affects aircraft yaw. When one engine fails, the remaining engine's torque can introduce significant control challenges, making it vital to understand how this factor influences the critical engine.

Understanding these aerodynamic factors allows pilots to manage the aircraft's handling characteristics better, especially during critical phases of flight like takeoffs and landings. The weight and balance, weather conditions, and fuel efficiency aspects do play