What is the function of a relay in an electrical circuit?

The function of a relay in an electrical circuit is to switch circuits open or closed. A relay is an electromechanical device that uses an electromagnetic coil to operate a switch. When an electric current passes through the coil, it creates a magnetic field that moves an armature, which then either opens or closes the contact points of the circuit. This allows a low-power signal to control a higher-power circuit, effectively enabling or disabling the flow of current.

Relays are commonly used in automation systems, remote control circuits, and as safety devices in various applications. Their ability to control circuits without requiring direct human intervention makes them critical in many electrical systems, as they can help manage multiple operations based on specific conditions. This capability to act as a switch is central to the functionality of relays in both consumer electronics and industrial machinery.