What is the main difference between fly-over and fly-by waypoints?

The correct answer highlights a critical visual distinction in navigation practices. Fly-over waypoints and fly-by waypoints are differentiated by their representation on navigational charts. Fly-over waypoints are typically depicted as solid lines, indicating that the aircraft must navigate directly over these points while maintaining precise control of the flight path. This solid line representation signifies a mandatory point where the aircraft must pass.

In contrast, fly-by waypoints are represented with dashed lines, illustrating that the aircraft can begin to turn towards the next route segment before reaching the waypoint. This allows for a smoother transition and more efficient flight path management, as the pilot can begin maneuvering ahead of the waypoint instead of making a hard turn at it.

Understanding this distinction is essential for pilots and navigators, as adhering to the navigation requirements associated with each waypoint type impacts flight safety and efficiency.