What is the main purpose of flaps in an aircraft?

The main purpose of flaps in an aircraft is to alter the airfoil shape for more lift and drag. When deployed, flaps increase the surface area and change the camber of the wing, which allows the aircraft to generate more lift at lower speeds. This is particularly useful during takeoff and landing, where increased lift is needed to ensure the aircraft can safely ascend and descend. Additionally, deploying flaps increases drag, which helps in slowing down the aircraft during these critical phases of flight without requiring a significant drop in speed. This aerodynamic adjustment is essential for maintaining control and safety, making it a vital feature of aircraft design.