What is the role of an inverter in a power system?

An inverter plays a crucial role in power systems primarily by transforming direct current (DC) power into alternating current (AC) power. This process is essential because many electrical devices and appliances operate using AC power. For instance, solar power systems generate DC electricity from solar panels, which must then be converted to AC to be usable in homes and businesses or compatible with the grid.

By converting DC to AC, the inverter ensures that the energy generated can be effectively utilized, synchronized with the grid, or used in applications where AC power is required. This conversion process involves not only changing the current type but also ensuring that the output meets specific frequency and voltage standards for consistent and safe operation.

The other options reflect different functionalities that are not specific to the role of an inverter. For example, converting AC to DC is the function of a rectifier, while regulating voltage levels is typically managed by voltage regulators or transformers. Measuring the flow of electricity typically involves metering devices, not inverters. Therefore, the specific function of an inverter as a transformer of DC power into AC power is key to its role in power systems.