When is it permissible to descend below MDA/DA?

Descending below MDA (Minimum Descent Altitude) or DA (Decision Altitude) is permissible when the runway environment is in sight. This means that the pilot can visually confirm the runway and associated elements, such as the approach lights, runway markings, and other reference points that are part of the runway environment.

This requirement is crucial for safety during the approach and landing phases of flight. Visual cues enable the pilot to assess whether a safe landing can be made and to continue the descent toward landing. The visibility of the runway environment ensures that pilots can navigate safely and make informed decisions, reducing reliance solely on instruments when transitioning to the landing phase.

In contrast, other options do not provide sufficient justification for descending below MDA/DA. For instance, simply having the autopilot engaged does not account for the need for visual confirmation of the runway. Similarly, clearance from air traffic control alone is not sufficient without the presence of the runway environment in sight. Descending while flying over populated areas raises safety concerns, particularly if a go-around becomes necessary. Therefore, visual confirmation of the runway is the primary condition that must be met for a safe descent below MDA/DA.